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greatly wished

  • 1 exopto

    ex-opto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to wish or desire greatly, to long for a thing (class.).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    quae majori parti pulcherrima videntur, ea maxime exoptant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:

    Samnitium adventum,

    Liv. 9, 25, 5:

    illum exoptavit potius?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 3:

    aliquid,

    id. As. 3, 3, 133:

    omnes te oderunt, tibi pestem exoptant,

    wish you, Cic. Pis. 40, 96.—
    (β).
    With inf.-clause as object:

    multis de causis te exopto quam primum videre,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 3:

    aemulari neglegentiam alicuius,

    Ter. And. prol. 20 (but not in Enn. Ann., where the better read. is laudarier optans, v. Vahl. p. 80).—
    (γ).
    With ut:

    omnium hominum exopto ut fiam miserorum miserrimus,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 65:

    ut sempiternae laudi tibi sit iste tribunatus exopto,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1.—
    (δ).
    Absol.:

    neque nobis cupientibus atque exoptantibus fructus otii datus est,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 2.—Hence, exoptātus, a, um, P. a., greatly wished or desired, longed for:

    edepol me uxori exoptatum credo adventurum domum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 22; id. Truc. 2, 6, 33; id. Capt. 5, 4, 9; id. Curc. 2, 3, 27:

    Antiphila, maxume animo exoptata meo,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 28:

    ut exoptatum inimico nuntium primus adferret,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 7, 19:

    erit et tibi exoptatum optinget,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 20; id. As. 3, 3, 136.— Comp.:

    nihil exoptatius adventu meo,

    Cic. Att. 5, 15, 1.— Sup.:

    o mi ere exoptatissume,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65:

    gratulatio,

    Cic. Att. 4, 1, 2.— Adv. seems not to occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exopto

  • 2 exoptātus

        exoptātus adj. with comp. and sup.    [P. of exopto], greatly wished, earnestly desired, longed for: nuntius: parens, V.: nihil exoptatius adventu meo: exoptatissima gratulatio.

    Latin-English dictionary > exoptātus

  • 3 as

    æz 1. conjunction
    1) (when; while: I met John as I was coming home; We'll be able to talk as we go.) mens, da, idet
    2) (because: As I am leaving tomorrow, I've bought you a present.) siden, ettersom, da
    3) (in the same way that: If you are not sure how to behave, do as I do.) (slik) som
    4) (used to introduce a statement of what the speaker knows or believes to be the case: As you know, I'll be leaving tomorrow.) som
    5) (though: Old as I am, I can still fight; Much as I want to, I cannot go.) skjønt, hvor... enn
    6) (used to refer to something which has already been stated and apply it to another person: Tom is English, as are Dick and Harry.) liksom, så vel som
    2. adverb
    (used in comparisons, eg the first as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) så... (som)
    3. preposition
    1) (used in comparisons, eg the second as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) (så...) som
    2) (like: He was dressed as a woman.) som
    3) (with certain verbs eg regard, treat, describe, accept: I am regarded by some people as a bit of a fool; He treats the children as adults.) som
    4) (in the position of: He is greatly respected both as a person and as a politician.) som
    •
    - as if / as though
    - as to
    da
    --------
    ettersom
    --------
    liksom
    --------
    som
    I
    subst. \/æs\/
    as (romersk mynt)
    II
    adv. \/æz\/, trykksvakt: \/əz\/ ( i sammenligninger) så, like
    as... as så... som
    as far as ( om avstand) så langt som i den grad, så vidt
    as good as så godt som, praktisk talt
    as need arises etter behov
    as well også, i tillegg like godt
    as well as i tillegg til
    as yet hittil, ennå
    III
    subjunksjon \/æz\/, trykksvakt: \/əz\/
    1) idet, mens, da
    2) ( sammenlignende) som, slik
    3) som
    • as you may know, we never got married
    4) fordi
    5) samme hvor, selv om, hvor...enn
    • try as he might, he never managed it
    hvor mye han enn prøvde, fikk han det aldri til
    as against sammenlignet med, i motsetning til
    as and when i den grad og til den tid, når det måtte
    as for hva gjelder, når det gjelder, med hensyn til
    as from fra og med
    as if som om
    as if! (ironisk, hverdagslig) særlig!, på ingen måte!, slett ikke!
    as if to som for å
    as is i nåværende (til)stand, som forevist (om bil)
    • the car costs £500 as is
    bilen koster £500 som forevist
    under de gjeldende omstendigheter
    as it were så å si, liksom, på en måte
    as of fra og med
    as per i samsvar med, i henhold til per
    as regards når det gjelder
    as though som om
    as to angående, med hensyn til, når det gjelder
    IV
    prep. \/æz\/, trykksvakt \/əz\/
    som

    English-Norwegian dictionary > as

  • 4 quam

        quam adv.    [qui].—Relat., in what manner, to what degree, how greatly, how, how much: nescis quam doleam, T.: vide, quam te amarit is: declaravit quam odisset senatum: docebat, quam veteres quamque iustae causae intercederent, Cs.: ut sentias quam vile sit corpus, L.: Vive memor quam sis aevi brevis, H.: ut nobis tempus quam diu diceremus praestitueres: mire quam illius loci cogitatio delectat (i. e. mirum est, quam, etc.), wonderfully.—Interrog., how?: quam avidum in pecuniis (hunc fuisse censetis)?: quam multis custodibus opus erit?: quam longe est hinc in saltum vestrum?—In exclamations, how! how very!: quam cupiunt laudari!: quam terribilis aspectu (incedebat)!: quam nihil praetermittis in consilio dando!: Quam paene regna Proserpinae vidimus! H. —Esp., in comparisons, in what degree, as: nihil est tam populare quam bonitas: quid est oratori tam necessarium quam vox?: tam diu requiesco, quam diu ad te scribo: tam esse clemens tyrannus, quam rex importunus potest: quam quisque pessume fecit, tam maxume tutus est, S.: tam sum amicus rei p. quam qui maxime: Non verbis dici potest Tantum quam navigare incommodumst, T.: maria aspera iuro Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam ne, etc., V.: intentis, non ab irā tantum, quam quod urbs videbatur, etc., L.: dimidium tributi quam quod regibus ferre soliti erant, half as much tribute as, etc., L.: nihil aeque eos terruit, quam robur imperatoris, L.: quam multā grandine nimbi crepitant, sic ictibus heros Creber pulsat, V.—With ellips. of tam, as much as, to the extent that, as... as: quam voletis multi dicent, as many of you as choose: quam diu vixit, all his life: quam diu tu voles, as long as you will: non militum fiduciā quam iuventutis, not so much, L.: tyrannus, quam qui umquam, saevissimus, never surpassed in cruelty, L.: Huc turba ruebat... Quam multa cadunt folia, as numerous as, V. —With sup. and possum or (old) queo: ut te redimas captum quam queas Minumo, at the lowest price you can, T.: quam plurimos potest equites educit, S.: quam maximis potest itineribus pervenit, Cs.: quam maxime possem, contenderem, to the utmost of my power.—With sup. and ellips. of possum, in the highest degree, as... as possible, extremely, very: quam minimum spati daretur, the shortest time possible, Cs.: quam plurimo vendere, at the highest price: ut quam primum accederet, as soon as possible: quam primum, forthwith, V. —Colloq.: quam familiariter, very, T.—Implying difference of degree (after a comp. or word of comparison), than: acrior quam ego sum: omnia sunt citius facta quam dixi: nec diutius vixit quam locuta est: ut aditus non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret: istas tu partīs potius quam defectionem vocas?: Nec tibi grata minus pietas... Quam fuit illa Iovi, O.: se temere magis quam satis caute inferre, L.: non locuta est ferocius quam poculum inpavide hausit, L.: speciem gloriae vehementius quam caute appetebat, Ta.: maiorem pecuniam polliceri, quam quantam hic dedisset: ne libentius haec evomere videar quam verius, with more satisfaction than accuracy: pestilentia minacior quam perniciosior, more threatening than destructive, L.: turbavit ordinem non acrior quam pertinacior impetus, L.: quid hoc fieri turpius potest, quam eum... labi: ne aliter, quam ego velim, meum laudet ingenium, otherwise than as I wished: quis antea, quis esset, quam cuius gener esset, audivit? sooner... than: pridie quam a me tu coactus eo profitere, on the day before. virtus nihil aliud est quam in se perfecta natura: nil aliud agens quam ut, etc., with no other purpose than, etc., L.: saepe supra feret, quam fieri possit, more than: ultra quam satis est, producitur.—Praegn., after verbs implying preference or superiority, rather than: praestare omnīs perferre acerbitates, quam non civibus parentarent, Cs.: si eligere commodissimum quodque, quam sese uni vellent addicere: esse quam videri bonus malebat, S.: malae rei se quam nullius duces esse volunt, L.: statuit congredi quam refugere, N.—After expressions of time, later than, after that, after: die vicensimo quam creatus erat dictaturā se abdicavit, L.: anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat, L.
    * * *
    I
    how, how much; as, than

    quam + superlative -- as... as possible

    II
    how, than

    Latin-English dictionary > quam

  • 5 desidero

    dē-sīdĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [etym. dub.; cf. considero], to long for, greatly wish for, to desire something not possessed (freq. and class.—for syn. cf.: opto, requiro, expeto, appeto, affecto, cupio, concupisco, aveo, gestio, capto, volo).
    I.
    In gen., with acc.:

    Dies noctesque me ames, me desideres,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 113:

    quam tu filium tuom, tam pater me meus desiderat,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 66:

    natura quid velit, anquirat, desideret,

    Cic. Lael. 24:

    nec sitio honores, nec desidero gloriam,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 3:

    dum illa desideramus, ab aliis avertimur,

    Quint. 10, 6, 7:

    quid desideremus aut deprecemur,

    id. 4, 1, 52:

    nec nunc vires desidero adolescentis non plus quam adolescens tauri aut elephanti desiderabam,

    Cic. de Sen. 9; Caes. B. C. 3, 74, 2:

    desiderantem quod satis est,

    Hor. Od. 3, 1, 25:

    Sextilem totum mendax desideror,

    id. Ep. 1, 7, 2 et saep.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf.:

    me gratiam aps te inire verbis nil desidero,

    Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 10:

    mihi dari haud desidero,

    id. Merc. 1, 2, 37:

    quo ullam rem ad se importari desiderent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 2.— With inf. alone:

    mori,

    Vulg. Apoc. 9, 6.—
    (γ).
    With ab or in:

    ab Chrysippo nihil magnum desideravi,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 8; id. Att. 8, 14, 2; Quint. 3, 1, 2 al.:

    ab milite modestiam et continentiam,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 52 fin.:

    in quo (Catone) summam eloquentiam,

    Cic. Brut. 31, 118; id. Fin. 5, 5, 13; id. Fam. 8, 5, 1; id. Lael. 22, 82; Quint. 7, 2, 55 al.—
    (δ).
    Absol.:

    misere amans desiderat,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 30; id. Mil. 4, 6, 29; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 16 al.—
    B.
    Of inanimate subjects:

    desiderarunt te oculi mei,

    Cic. Planc. 5, 13:

    nullam virtus aliam mercedem laborum desiderat praeter, etc.,

    id. Arch. 11, 28:

    ut desiderat laus probationem, sic, etc.,

    Quint. 3, 7, 4 et saep.:

    desiderant rigari arbores,

    Plin. 17, 26, 40, § 249.
    II.
    With predominant idea of lacking, wanting, to miss any thing:

    ex me audies, quid in oratione tua desiderem,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 38:

    si non est, nolis esse neque desideres,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 73:

    quid a peritioribus rei militaris desiderari videbatur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 61, 3 et saep.—Esp. with quominus:

    praeter quercum Dodonaeam nihil desideramus, quo minus Epirum ipsum possidere videamur,

    Cic. Att. 2, 4, 5. —
    B.
    Meton. (effectus pro causa), to lose something; and more freq. pass., to be missing, to be lost:

    in eo proelio non amplius CC milites desideravit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 99; cf. id. ib. 3, 71:

    ut nulla navis desideraretur,

    id. B. G. 5, 23, 3; 7, 11, 8 et saep.:

    neque quicquam ex fano praeter unum signum desideratum est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44; Vell. 2, 52, 6:

    ex peditibus triginta,

    Curt. 3, 29, 27.—
    C.
    With the notion of inquiring, searching; to investigate, examine, discuss (rare):

    sequitur ut morbo laborantibus remedia desiderentur,

    Col. 9, 13, 1:

    examina,

    id. 9, 8, 1.— Impers.:

    antequam desideraretur,

    before the question should be raised, Vitr. 2, 6, 4.—Hence,
    1.
    dēsīdĕrans, antis, P. a., in Sup. desiderantissimus, in the later writers for desideratissimus, as a term of endearment, heart's desire, best beloved:

    vale, domine dulcissime, desiderantissime,

    Fronto Ep. 5, 40; M. Aur. ib. 1, 5;

    L. Aur. Verus,

    ib. 2, 8; Inscr. Orell. 4644.— Adv.: dēsīdĕranter, acc. to no. I., with desire, eagerly (late Lat.):

    appetere,

    Cassiod. Var. 1, 4.— Comp.:

    quanto desiderantius desideras,

    Fronto Ep. ad Ver. Imp. 13.—
    2.
    dēsīdĕrātus, a, um, P. a., wished for, longed for, welcome (very rare):

    et veniet desideratus cunctis gentibus,

    Vulg. Aggaei, 2, 8: blandissima et desideratissimi promissa. Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 2:

    fratres desideratissimi,

    Vulg. Philip. 4, 1;

    and in inscrr. applied to a beloved person: FILIO DESIDERATISSIMO,

    Inscr. Orell. 5068; id. Grut. 681, 2 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > desidero

  • 6 Economy

       Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.
       For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.
       Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.
       Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.
       During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.
       After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Economy

  • 7 Wren, Sir Christopher

    [br]
    b. 20 October 1632 East Knoyle, Wiltshire, England
    d. 25 February 1723 London, England
    [br]
    English architect whose background in scientific research and achievement enhanced his handling of many near-intractable architectural problems.
    [br]
    Born into a High Church and Royalist family, the young Wren early showed outstanding intellectual ability and at Oxford in 1654 was described as "that miracle of a youth". Educated at Westminster School, he went up to Oxford, where he graduated at the age of 19 and obtained his master's degree two years later. From this time onwards his interests were in science, primarily astronomy but also physics, engineering and meteorology. While still at college he developed theories about and experimentally solved some fifty varied problems. At the age of 25 Wren was appointed to the Chair of Astronomy at Gresham College in London, but he soon returned to Oxford as Savilian Professor of Astronomy there. At the same time he became one of the founder members of the Society of Experimental Philosophy at Oxford, which was awarded its Royal Charter soon after the Restoration of 1660; Wren, together with such men as Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke, John Evelyn and Robert Boyle, then found himself a member of the Royal Society.
    Wren's architectural career began with the classical chapel that he built, at the request of his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, for Pembroke College, Cambridge (1663). From this time onwards, until he died at the age of 91, he was fully occupied with a wide and taxing variety of architectural problems which he faced in the execution of all the great building schemes of the day. His scientific background and inventive mind stood him in good stead in solving such difficulties with an often unusual approach and concept. Nowhere was this more apparent than in his rebuilding of fifty-one churches in the City of London after the Great Fire, in the construction of the new St Paul's Cathedral and in the grand layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich.
    The first instance of Wren's approach to constructional problems was in his building of the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford (1664–9). He based his design upon that of the Roman Theatre of Marcellus (13–11 BC), which he had studied from drawings in Serlio's book of architecture. Wren's reputation as an architect was greatly enhanced by his solution to the roofing problem here. The original theatre in Rome, like all Roman-theatres, was a circular building open to the sky; this would be unsuitable in the climate of Oxford and Wren wished to cover the English counterpart without using supporting columns, which would have obscured the view of the stage. He solved this difficulty mathematically, with the aid of his colleague Dr Wallis, the Professor of Geometry, by means of a timber-trussed roof supporting a painted ceiling which represented the open sky.
    The City of London's churches were rebuilt over a period of nearly fifty years; the first to be completed and reopened was St Mary-at-Hill in 1676, and the last St Michael Cornhill in 1722, when Wren was 89. They had to be rebuilt upon the original medieval sites and they illustrate, perhaps more clearly than any other examples of Wren's work, the fertility of his imagination and his ability to solve the most intractable problems of site, limitation of space and variation in style and material. None of the churches is like any other. Of the varied sites, few are level or possess right-angled corners or parallel sides of equal length, and nearly all were hedged in by other, often larger, buildings. Nowhere is his versatility and inventiveness shown more clearly than in his designs for the steeples. There was no English precedent for a classical steeple, though he did draw upon the Dutch examples of the 1630s, because the London examples had been medieval, therefore Roman Catholic and Gothic, churches. Many of Wren's steeples are, therefore, Gothic steeples in classical dress, but many were of the greatest originality and delicate beauty: for example, St Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside; the "wedding cake" St Bride in Fleet Street; and the temple diminuendo concept of Christ Church in Newgate Street.
    In St Paul's Cathedral Wren showed his ingenuity in adapting the incongruous Royal Warrant Design of 1675. Among his gradual and successful amendments were the intriguing upper lighting of his two-storey choir and the supporting of the lantern by a brick cone inserted between the inner and outer dome shells. The layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich illustrates Wren's qualities as an overall large-scale planner and designer. His terms of reference insisted upon the incorporation of the earlier existing Queen's House, erected by Inigo Jones, and of John Webb's King Charles II block. The Queen's House, in particular, created a difficult problem as its smaller size rendered it out of scale with the newer structures. Wren's solution was to make it the focal centre of a great vista between the main flanking larger buildings; this was a masterstroke.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1673. President, Royal Society 1681–3. Member of Parliament 1685–7 and 1701–2. Surveyor, Greenwich Hospital 1696. Surveyor, Westminster Abbey 1699.
    Surveyor-General 1669–1712.
    Further Reading
    R.Dutton, 1951, The Age of Wren, Batsford.
    M.Briggs, 1953, Wren the Incomparable, Allen \& Unwin. M.Whinney, 1971, Wren, Thames \& Hudson.
    K.Downes, 1971, Christopher Wren, Allen Lane.
    G.Beard, 1982, The Work of Sir Christopher Wren, Bartholomew.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Wren, Sir Christopher

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  • France — /frans, frahns/; Fr. /frddahonns/, n. 1. Anatole /ann nann tawl /, (Jacques Anatole Thibault), 1844 1924, French novelist and essayist: Nobel prize 1921. 2. a republic in W Europe. 58,470,421; 212,736 sq. mi. (550,985 sq. km). Cap.: Paris. 3.… …   Universalium

  • ancient Rome — ▪ ancient state, Europe, Africa, and Asia Introduction       the state centred on the city of Rome. This article discusses the period from the founding of the city and the regal period, which began in 753 BC, through the events leading to the… …   Universalium

  • cañada — /keuhn yah deuh, yad euh/, n. Chiefly Western U.S. 1. a dry riverbed. 2. a small, deep canyon. [1840 50; < Sp, equiv. to cañ(a) CANE + ada n. suffix] * * * Canada Introduction Canada Background: A land of vast distances and rich natural resources …   Universalium

  • Canada — /kan euh deuh/, n. a nation in N North America: a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. 29,123,194; 3,690,410 sq. mi. (9,558,160 sq. km). Cap.: Ottawa. * * * Canada Introduction Canada Background: A land of vast distances and rich natural… …   Universalium

  • Russia — /rush euh/, n. 1. Also called Russian Empire. Russian, Rossiya. a former empire in E Europe and N and W Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution 1917. Cap.: St. Petersburg (1703 1917). 2. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 3. See Russian… …   Universalium

  • India — /in dee euh/, n. 1. Hindi, Bharat. a republic in S Asia: a union comprising 25 states and 7 union territories; formerly a British colony; gained independence Aug. 15, 1947; became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations Jan. 26, 1950.… …   Universalium

  • Germany — • History divided by time periods, beginning with before 1556 Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Germany     Germany     † …   Catholic encyclopedia

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